Paging through early history of American libraries

This month, after we celebrated the independence of our nation, seems like a perfect opportunity to brush up on a little American history as it relates to the rise of public libraries.

Where did the notion of public access to books (and now other materials) originate? Well, like many things in modern-day culture, we can thank the Romans. They were the first to make scrolls available in the dry rooms for those partaking in the baths. But in the good ole USA, public libraries came about as a blend of three different types of libraries:

1. Social libraries: Invented by the electric Ben Franklin around 1720, these libraries were basically clubs in which members shared a collection of books. Each member paid a subscription for the opportunity to access the library. Washington-Centerville Library began as one of these subscription type libraries in 1810.

2. Circulating libraries: In the late 1700s, citizens could “rent” popular fiction books. Circulating libraries were often housed in print shops and bookstores.

3. School district libraries: In 1830, Horace Mann raised the question, “What do students read if there are no libraries in schools?” This provoked educators and legislators to establish school libraries (with tax dollars).

These three trends evolved into the public library as we know it today. And thus, about 100 years after our nation was declared independent, the American Library Association held a convention in Philadelphia to further develop the interests of libraries. The youngest member present at that meeting was Melvil Dewey — no doubt his last name rings a bell. He became instrumental in standardizing public libraries.

What makes a library public anyway? All public libraries across this great nation share five characteristics:

1. They are supported through taxes (federal, state local or a combination thereof). At Washington-Centerville Public Library we are grateful for not only the state support we receive but also for the local support we receive from our 3.0 mil operating levy passed in 2012.

2. They are governed by a board to serve the public interest. Our seven board members are all local residents who give of their time and talent without compensation. If you are interested in serving on the Library’s board or finding out who currently serves, then go online to www.wclibrary.info/board.

3. They are open to all.

4. They provide basic services without charge.

5. They are entirely voluntary; no one is forced to use our services. Although, I’d highly suggest you do because we have many great services to offer and you paid for them (see No. 1).

For more information on Washington-Centerville Public Library, go online to www.wclibrary.info or call 433-8091 or 435-3700.

About the Author