NASA launching probe for deep dive into sun’s atmosphere

UNITED STATES - MAY 15:  This picture taken from the Skylab space station on 19th December 1973, shows one of the most spectacular solar flares ever recorded. Solar flares are sudden outbursts of energy originating on the Sun?s surface and projecting far into its atmosphere. They occur near sunspots on boundaries dividing areas with opposite magnetic fields. Temperatures inside flares can reach tens of millions of degrees Kelvin, and massive amounts of radiation are released across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. The emissions from large flares can cause radio blackouts on Earth, and can be dangerous to astronauts beyond the protection of the Earth?s atmosphere, which shields the planet from the most harmful radiation.  (Photo by SSPL/Getty Images)

UNITED STATES - MAY 15: This picture taken from the Skylab space station on 19th December 1973, shows one of the most spectacular solar flares ever recorded. Solar flares are sudden outbursts of energy originating on the Sun?s surface and projecting far into its atmosphere. They occur near sunspots on boundaries dividing areas with opposite magnetic fields. Temperatures inside flares can reach tens of millions of degrees Kelvin, and massive amounts of radiation are released across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. The emissions from large flares can cause radio blackouts on Earth, and can be dangerous to astronauts beyond the protection of the Earth?s atmosphere, which shields the planet from the most harmful radiation. (Photo by SSPL/Getty Images)

NASA is launching a probe to one of the most hostile environments imaginable: the sun.

It's the first time a spacecraft will fly directly into the sun's atmosphere, or corona, where it will encounter temperatures of almost 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit and brutal radiation levels.

The "mission will revolutionize our understanding of the sun … ultimately providing humanity with the closest-ever observation of a star," NASA said in a news release about the Parker Solar Probe mission.

Researchers want to know more about how energy and heat move in the sun’s atmosphere. They also want to explore how and why solar winds and particles accelerate.

The probe will carry four instruments designed to study solar winds, plasma, magnetic fields and energetic particles when it launches sometime between July and August 2018.

Solar winds affect Earth in several ways, including the planet’s magnetic fields and what’s known as space weather.

Space weather can disrupt satellites, changing their orbits, interfering with electronics and shortening their life spans.

But even more than that, solar winds essentially blow through most of the solar system, and in order to travel beyond Earth, scientists need to have a clear understanding of how they work.

A better understanding of the sun will also help researchers in understanding stars in other worlds and faraway galaxies.

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